What is a recorder: parts, types and German or Baroque system
The recorder is a wooden or plastic end-blown flute with a whistle mouthpiece. The block inside the head of the instrument guides the stream of air onto the sharp edge of the window. Thanks to this design the sound comes right away, without any special lip position — which is why the recorder is chosen as the first instrument for children.
Parts of a recorder
- The head with the mouthpiece, the block and the window — this is where the sound is born.
- The body with seven holes in front and one at the back.
- The foot joint (the bell) — it can be turned so the little finger easily reaches the lowest hole.
The two lowest holes on most modern recorders are double: by covering half you can play C♯ and D♯.
How a recorder differs from a transverse flute
On a transverse flute you blow from the side, across the edge of a hole, and the sound depends on the lip position — a beginner may find it hard even to make a sound. On a recorder you blow into the mouthpiece like into a whistle: the sound comes right away. The transverse flute is louder and has a key mechanism, while the recorder is simpler, quieter and cheaper.
Types of recorders
| Type | Pitch | Lowest note | Who it is for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sopranino | F | F of the second octave | experienced players |
| Soprano | C | C of the second octave | kids and beginners — the most popular |
| Alto | F | F of the first octave | teenagers and adults, the main solo recorder of the Baroque |
| Tenor | C | C of the first octave | ensembles, big hands needed |
| Bass | F | F of the small octave | ensembles, often with keys |
The soprano sounds an octave higher than the written notes. All our lessons are made for the soprano recorder.
German and Baroque system
Recorders are made in two fingering systems. The German one simplifies the note F, but spoils the tuning of some semitones. The Baroque (English) one is historically correct, and all the notes sound in tune on it. Professional teachers recommend the Baroque. More in the article “Recorder fingering”.
Wooden or plastic
Plastic recorders from a good maker are tuned no worse than inexpensive wooden ones, are not afraid of moisture and are easy to wash. Wooden ones sound warmer, but need care: they must be “played in” gradually and oiled. For starting to learn, plastic is better — more in the article “How to choose a recorder”.